অতীত নিখুঁত (সক্রিয় এবং নিষ্ক্রিয়)

অতীত নিখুঁত (সক্রিয় এবং প্যাসিভ ভয়েস)

এই পোস্টে, আমরা শিখব কিভাবে অতীত নিখুঁত কালের নিষ্ক্রিয় ভয়েস ব্যবহার করতে হয় এবং কিভাবে সক্রিয় ভয়েসকে অতীত নিখুঁত কালের নিষ্ক্রিয় কণ্ঠে পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

Active and passive voice in the Past perfect tense

আসুন আমরা বুঝতে পারি কোন পরিস্থিতিতে আমরা অতীত নিখুঁত কালের সক্রিয় এবং নিষ্ক্রিয় ভয়েস ব্যবহার করি।

Past perfect tense-এ সক্রিয় ভয়েস কখন ব্যবহার করবেন?

আমরা অতীত পারফেক্টের সক্রিয় কণ্ঠে বাক্য লিখি যখন আমরা সেই ব্যক্তি/লোকদের উপর ফোকাস করতে চাই যারা অতীতে অন্য একটি ক্রিয়া বা সময়ের আগে একটি ক্রিয়া সম্পাদন করেছে।

Structure: Subject + had + past participle (V3) + object

• Subject = the doer of the action
• Object = the receiver of the action

Examples:

• তিনি সময়সীমার আগেই প্রজেক্টটি শেষ করেছিলেন।
• তারা চাকরি ছেড়ে দিয়েছে।

এই উদাহরণগুলিতে, আমরা সেই ব্যক্তি বা ব্যক্তিদের উপর ফোকাস করছি যারা অতীতে কাজটি করেছে৷

When to use the passive voice in the Past perfect tense?

 

বাক্যগুলি অতীতের নিখুঁত নিষ্ক্রিয়ভাবে লেখা হয় যখন আমরা অ্যাকশনের রিসিভারের উপর ফোকাস করতে চাই: যখন আমরা কথা বলতে চাই কি বা কার উপর অ্যাকশনের লেখক কাজ করেছেন।

এবং যেহেতু আমরা বিষয় থেকে ক্রিয়াপদের বস্তুতে ফোকাস স্থানান্তরিত করি, তাই বস্তুটি বিষয় হয়ে ওঠে এবং বিষয় (কর) একটি বাক্যে একটি অপ্রাসঙ্গিক বা কম গুরুত্বপূর্ণ সত্তা হয়ে যায়।

Structure: Object + had been + past participle (V3) + by + subject (doer)

Examples:

• The project had been completed by her before the deadline.
• The job had been quit by them.

Active and passive voice of Past perfect tense

Active voice:	Subject	had	V3	object
Passive voice:	object	had + been	V3	(by + subject)

 

• সক্রিয়: আমি টাকা দিয়েছিলাম।
  (‘I’ কর্মের কর্তাকে কেন্দ্র করে)
• প্যাসিভ: টাকা দেওয়া হয়েছে (আমার দ্বারা)।
  (অবজেক্টের উপর দৃষ্টি নিবদ্ধ করে যে ক্রিয়াটি ‘দ্য টাকা’-এর উপর কাজ করা হয়েছিল)

উল্লেখ্য যে আমরা সাধারণত ক্রিয়াটির লেখককে বাক্যটিতে যুক্ত করি না, কারণ এটি বাক্যের অর্থের জন্য গুরুত্বপূর্ণ নয় বা ইতিমধ্যে বোঝা গেছে। তবে এটি করা সম্পূর্ণরূপে আপনার পছন্দ।

Changing active voice into passive voice in the Past Perfect tense

Active: We had trained them well.
Passive: They had been trained well (by us).

Active: Some people had followed her to her office.
Passive: She had been followed to her office (by some people).

Active: The teacher had thrown us out of the class.
Passive: We had been thrown out of the class (by the teacher).

Active: They had copied all my answers.
Passive: All my answers had been copied (by them).

Active: Someone had stolen my car before I reached home.
Passive: My car had been stolen (by someone) before I reached home.

Active: The police had arrested him.
Passive: He had been arrested (by the police).

Active: His parents had warmed him before he did the crime.
Passive: He had been warned (by his parents) before he did the crime.

Active: She had saved my family from those people.
Passive: My family had been saved from those people (by her).

Negative sentences (Active and voice voice)

Active and passive voice of Past perfect tense (negative sentences)

Active voice:	Subject	had	not	V3	object
Passive voice:	Object	had + been	not	V3	by + subject (optional)

Active: He had not invited me for the party.
Passive: I had not been invited for the party (by him).

Active: Sam hadn’t helped us at all.
Passive: We hadn’t been helped at all (by Sam).

Active: We had not recorded the video.
Passive: The video had not been recorded (by us).

Active: She hadn’t bought anything at the store.
Passive: Nothing had been bought at the store (by her).

দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি ‘anything’ একটি নেতিবাচক বাক্যে সক্রিয় ক্রিয়ার বস্তু হয়, তাহলে এটি নিষ্ক্রিয় কণ্ঠে ‘কিছুই না’-তে পরিবর্তিত হবে।

Interrogative sentences (Active and voice voice)

Active and passive voice of Past perfect tense (interrogative sentences)

Active voice:	Question words (if any)	had	subject	V3	object?
Passive voice:	Question words	had	object	been + V3	(by + subject)?

Examples:

Active: Had you called me?
Passive: Had I been called by you?

Active: Had he not helped you in your assignment?
Passive: Had you not been helped in your assignment by him?

Active: Had they contacted you for the class?
Passive: Had you been contacted for the class by them?

Active: Where had she invested the money?
Passive: Where had the money been invested by her?

Active: Why had you sold the car?
Passive: Why had the car been sold by you?

Active: What had you taken before lunch?
Passive: What had been taken before lunch by you?

Practice!

1. Nobody had helped me in my tough times.
2. My friends had supported my family.
3. Some people had attacked his wife.
4. Where had he taken the money from?
5. Had they called her?
6. How had you done that?
7. Everyone had mocked me for my pronunciation.
8. They hadn’t released the movie before the end.
9. Somebody had deposited a lot of money into my account.
10. I had not caught the train.

Answers:

1. I had not been helped in my tough times by anyone.
2. My family had been supported by my friends.
3. His wife had been attacked by some people.
4. Where had the money been taken from by him?
5. Had she been called by them?
6. How had that been done by you?
7. I had been mocked for my pronunciation by everyone.
8. The movie hadn’t been released before the end.
9. A lot of money had been deposited into my account by someone.
10. The train had not been caught by me.