Phrases fendues en anglais

Phrases fendues en anglais

Cette leçon nous aidera à comprendre ce qu’est une phrase clivée en anglais, pourquoi nous l’utilisons et comment nous pouvons former une phrase clivée.

What is a cleft sentence?

Une phrase clivée se concentre sur une partie d’une phrase. Il ajoute la partie déjà connue ou comprise à une partie que l’auditeur ne connaît pas. Une phrase fendue est un moyen de mettre l’accent sur ce qui est le plus important pour nous. Ici, dans les phrases fendues, une seule idée est divisée en deux parties où l’accent est mis sur un élément.

Dans une phrase clivée, les informations sont divisées en deux parties :

a) celle qui est déjà connue des auditeurs et qui est moins importante pour nous
b) et l’autre qui est inconnue ou nouvelle pour les auditeurs et sur laquelle l’orateur veut se concentrer

Dans une phrase clivée, l’information est formée d’une manière différente de sa structure d’origine. La partie qui est mise au point ici est déplacée de son emplacement d’origine.

Il peut s’agir de tout ce sur quoi l’orateur se concentre et qu’il sépare dans une phrase clivée. Étudions quelques exemples.

Monica took 1000 dollars from a beggar last night.

Cleft sentence: It was Monica who took 1000 dollars from a beggar last night. (The focus is on the subject Monica)
Cleft sentence: It was 1000 dollars that Monica took from the beggar last night. (The focus is on the object)
Cleft sentence: It was a beggar whom Monica took 1000 dollars from last night. (The focus is on the object of the preposition)
Cleft sentence: It was last night when Monica took 1000 dollars from a beggar. (The focus is on the time of the action (adverb))

Simple sentence (non-cleft): Rahul stole my car last night.

Maintenant, si nous voulons nous concentrer sur une partie de la phrase, disons le sujet (Rahul), nous devrons utiliser une phrase fendue. Nous pouvons écrire la phrase ci-dessus comme suit :

Cleft sentence: It was Rahul who stole my car last night.

Maintenant, l’accent est mis sur Rahul, la phrase originale. Ceci est un exemple de phrase fendue. Une phrase clivée est généralement construite des deux manières suivantes :

• It (pseudo pronom) + to be forme du verbe + X + clause dépendante
• Clause dépendante commençant par les mots WH + pour être la forme du verbe + X

Dans la première structure, X (l’élément sur lequel le locuteur se concentre) est généralement un nom ou un pronom. Il peut s’agir d’un syntagme prépositionnel, adverbial ou adjectif. Dans la deuxième structure, l’élément sur lequel le locuteur se concentre vient après une forme d’être d’un verbe (verbe de liaison).

Examples:

• It was Jon who supported me in my tough times.
• It was your brother Allen who came up with this idea.
• It is Tina whom I am dating.
• What I want from you is your support.
• Who I really want to thank is you.
• What I want for my birthday is a new bike.

Conversation 1:

Muskaan: I think Smriti paid for your college fee. Didn’t he?
Jon (Cleft sentence): No, it is Rahul who paid for my college fee.
Normal sentence: Rahul paid for your college fee.

Understood or common information: Somebody paid your college fee
New or focus information: Rahul did the action

La partie “les frais de scolarité universitaires sont payés par quelqu’un” est signifiée ici. L’orateur a utilisé une structure divisée pour se concentrer sur la partie (la personne) que l’auditeur ne connaît pas.

Conversation 2:

Mom: I am elated today.
Ashu: Why, mom? What’s going on?
Mom: We are having Chinese food in the evening. It is my favorite.
Ashu: No, mom, It is Italian food that we are having in the evening. Papa confirmed that a few minutes ago.

Ici, la nourriture chinoise est l’objet du verbe ‘avoir’. Ashu, dans la dernière ligne, utilise une structure de fente pour se concentrer sur l’objet. Si vous ne vouliez pas mettre davantage l’accent sur l’objet, la phrase s’écrirait comme suit : Nous allons manger de la nourriture italienne ce soir. Dans la fente, il a délibérément mis l’accent sur l’objet, qui était une nouvelle information pour l’auditeur (maman).

Conversation 3:

Alex: Someone saved your sister from falling into a pot.
John: It was my friend Anoop who did that.

Le focus est sur la partie en surbrillance (gras). Le reste est compris et tiré de l’énoncé précédent.

Conversation 4:

Maxwell: I spoke to your father yesterday.
Smith: It was my uncle (who) you spoke to.

Conversation 5:

Raj: Sneha was waiting for someone at the party.
Danish: It was you who she was waiting for at the party.

Remarque : vous pouvez terminer la phrase sur la partie sur laquelle vous vous concentrez, car le reste est déjà connu.

Ex – It was you.

Types of cleft sentences

Il existe deux types de phrases fendues courantes en anglais :

1. Utiliser le pseudo-sujet “IT”
2. Utiliser les mots WH
3. Pseudo fente inversée
4. Utiliser le mot “TOUS”

Phrases fendues avec pseudo IT db2424

L’utilisation d’un pseudo-pronom “it” est la manière la plus courante de former une phrase fendue. Les phrases de fente TI sont généralement utilisées pour corriger les informations et se concentrer sur les informations nouvellement ajoutées.

Structure:

Normal: Subject + verb phrase + object (X) + other part (optional)
Cleft: It + to be verb + object (X) + adjective clause (that/who/whom + subject + verb phrase)

Examples:

Non-cleft: Jon supported me in my tough times.
Cleft: It was Jon who supported me in my tough times.

Non-cleft: An old farmer from Kerala created a machine that changes trash cans into running shoes.
Cleft: It was an old man from Kerala who created a machine that changes trash cans into running shoes.

Non-cleft: I am looking forward to meeting Conor the most.
Cleft: It is meeting Conor that I am looking forward to the most.

Non-cleft: I couldn’t join you because I was ill.
Cleft: It was because I was ill that I couldn’t join you.

L’utilisation d’un pseudo-pronom “it” est la manière la plus courante de former une phrase fendue. Le foyer de la fente peut être le suivant dans la structure :

• Subject
• Object of a verb
• Object of a preposition
• Adverbial

1. Cleft focusing on the SUBJECT

Situation 1:

I think Smriti paid for your college fee. Didn’t he?
Normal sentence: Rahul paid for your college fee.
Cleft sentence: It is Rahul who paid for my college fee.

Understood or common information: Somebody paid for your college fee
New or focus information: Rahul did the action

La partie “les frais de scolarité universitaires sont payés par quelqu’un” est signifiée ici. L’orateur a utilisé une structure divisée pour se concentrer sur la partie (la personne) que l’auditeur ne connaît pas.

Situation 2:

Didn’t Simran call your father last night?
Cleft: No, it was Manisha who called my father last night.

Normal sentence: Manisha called my father last night.

Situation 3:

Ashish: iPhone 11 has been awarded as the best smartphone in 2021.
Max: That’s not correct. It is the iPhone 13 that’s been awarded as the best smartphone in 2021. (cleft)

Situation 4:

Charu: IIM Indore produces the best HR managers, according to a report.
Monica: That’s amazing.
Ankit: That’s not necessarily true. It is IIM Ahmedabad that does it. (cleft)

La dernière phrase est une phrase clivée. Les informations nouvelles et sur lesquelles Ankit se concentre (X) sont mises en évidence en divisant la phrase en deux parties. La clause suivant X (Ankit) fait référence aux mêmes informations que Charu a déjà fournies. Ensuite. « qui fait » ici signifie « qui produit les meilleurs gestionnaires des ressources humaines ».

2. Cleft focusing on the OBJECT

La partie ciblée (X) peut également être l’objet du verbe. Regardons quelques exemples où les phrases fendues sont utilisées pour se concentrer sur l’objet du verbe.

Situation 1:

Mom: I am elated today.
Ashu: Why, mom? What’s going on?
Mom: We are having Chinese food in the evening. It is my favorite.
Ashu: No, mom, It is Italian food that we are having in the evening. Papa confirmed that a few minutes ago.

Ici, la nourriture chinoise est l’objet du verbe ‘avoir’. Ashu, dans la dernière ligne, utilise une structure de fente pour se concentrer sur l’objet. Si vous ne vouliez pas mettre davantage l’accent sur l’objet, la phrase s’écrirait comme suit : Nous allons manger de la nourriture italienne ce soir. Dans la fente, il a délibérément mis l’accent sur l’objet, qui était une nouvelle information pour l’auditeur (maman).

Situation 2:

Aarushi: Who are you dating, Ashish?
Ashish: No one.
Aarushi: Hey, come on. I know you are dating someone. Please tell.
Ashish: It is Megha who I am dating. Please don’t share this with anyone.

Aarushi, ici, veut se concentrer spécifiquement sur l’objet (la personne) du verbe « sortir ensemble ». Et puisque je veux me concentrer sur le nom, l’indentation a été utilisée. Notez également que lorsque l’objet d’un verbe est une personne, qui/que/qui peut être utilisé pour désigner cette personne.

It is Megha whom I am dating.
It is Megha who I am dating.
It is Megha that I am dating.

3. Cleft focusing on the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION

Situation 1:

A: You looked upset at the party. Were you still upset with us?
B: I wasn’t upset with you all. It was my brother Alex whom I was upset with.

Situation 2:

Tom: You think about Mary anymore. She doesn’t deserve it.
Sam: I am not. It’s her sister (whom) I’m thinking about right now. She got wronged in this.

Situation 3:

Laura: Rahul will be performing with my sister Naura at the party. They look great together.
Jon: It is Maria who he will be performing with. He told me this himself.

4. Fente mettant l’accent sur un ADVERBIAL

Un adverbe peut être au centre d’une phrase clivée. Regardons quelques exemples.

Examples:

Non-cleft: He came to see us the day before yesterday.
Cleft: It was the day before yesterday when he came to see us.

Non-cleft: I will call you tomorrow.
Cleft: It is tomorrow when I will call you.

Non-cleft: They are buying a house in London.
Cleft: It is In London that they are buying a house.
or
Cleft: It is London where they are buying a house.

Si l’adverbe (temps) est un syntagme nominal, nous utilisons la conjonction “quand” après celui-ci. Mais s’il s’agit d’une phrase prépositionnelle, utilisez la conjonction “cela” après.

NOTE: The verb (to be) of the pseudo subject (IT) needs to be singular even if the focus point (X) is plural.

Examples:

• Ce sont mes amis qui me motivent à poursuivre mon rêve.
• Ce sont vos collègues qui vous ont évité de vous faire virer.

Phrases de fente WH (pseudo fente)

Ce sont des phrases fendues qui commencent par des mots de la famille WH, généralement le mot « QUOI ». Ces phrases répondent généralement à une question. Notez que ces phrases fendues commencent généralement par la conjonction « quoi ».

Structure: WH clause (known information) + to be verb + X (focus part)

Examples:

Question: What do you want from me?
Cleft: What I want is your support.
Non-cleft: I want your support.

Non-cleft: We want to get a job right now.
Cleft: What we want right now is to get a job.

Non-cleft: I needed a safe house to stay.
Cleft: What I needed was a safe house to stay.

Non-cleft: I loved the food the most at the party.
Cleft: What I loved the most at the party was the food.

Non-cleft: He wrote his resignation letter and threw it at his employer’s face.
Cleft: What happened was that he wrote his resignation letter and threw it at his employer’s face.

More examples:

• What I want right now is a person who I can trust.
• What she really wants is your money.
• What I am saying is that I can’t work with anymore.
• What I said to him was that you don’t deserve this job.

Other WH cleft sentences

Non-cleft: Sam used to live in a deserted village.
Cleft: Where Sam used to live was a deserted village.

Non-cleft: I reached home at 2 am.
Cleft: When I reached home was 2 am.

Non-cleft: We do this job because we love it.
Cleft: Why we do this job is because we love it.

Non-cleft: We want to hire your brother.
Cleft: Who we want to hire is your brother.

Pseudo phrases inversées

Dans les phrases pseudo-crack inversées, le focus est placé au début, contrairement aux autres phrases crack.

Structure: X (focus point) + to be verb + WH clause

Cleft: What I gifted him was a racing car.
Reverse cleft: A racing car is what I gifted him.

Cleft: We need your support.
Reverse cleft: Your support is what we need.

Cleft: What I have been looking for is a tech guy.
Reverse cleft: A tech guy is what I have been looking for.

Cleft: What he is asking for the project is 2 crores.
Reverse cleft: 2 crores is what he is asking for.

Ici, la clause qui vient après le verbe principal (to be) est une clause nominale. Il fonctionne comme un complément au sujet.

Phrases fendues utilisant le mot ALL

Ici, la conjonction quoi est remplacée par tout. Une phrase fendue commençant par all rend la phrase plus emphatique.

Examples:

Non-cleft: I just want skilled people to make this a successful product.
Cleft: All I want to make this a successful product is skilled people.

Non-cleft: We just want your support right now.
Cleft: All we want right now is your support.

Non-cleft: We just need love in life.
Cleft: All we need in life is love.

Non-cleft: I am thinking about your family.
Cleft: All I am thinking about is your family.

REMARQUE : Ici, le mot “seul” est utilisé implicitement dans “toutes les phrases fendues”, et le mot “toutes” peut être remplacé par l’expression “la seule chose”. L’utilisation de cette expression rend la phrase plus emphatique. Voici quelques exemples:

Examples:

All we were looking for was your performance.
The only thing we were waiting for was your performance.

All they gave me in exchange for the phone was a cheap camera.
The only they gave me in exchange for the phone was a cheap camera.

All I am asking for is your time.
The only thing I am asking is your time.

All I did was give her my laptop, and she started crying.
The only thing I did was give her my laptop, and she started crying.

All I did was look at her, and they threw me out of the class.
The only thing I did was look at her, and they threw me out of the class.

Dans cette phrase, nous nous concentrons sur le verbe. La phrase signifie qu’ils n’ont pas fait grand-chose. Ici, la structure de fente est utilisée pour se concentrer sur le fait que le verbe n’a pas eu beaucoup de rôle dans le résultat.

Ensemble d’entraînement !

ENSEMBLE 1
Changez ces phrases normales en « phrases si » en vous concentrant sur le sujet.

• Jon brought that gift for me.
• Your father is leading this case.
• My book is considered one of the best books for learning English.

Answers:

• It was Jon who brought that gift for me.
• It is your father who is leading this case.
• It is my book that is considered one of the best books for learning English.

SET 2
Cambie estas oraciones normales a ‘si oraciones’ enfocándose en el objeto directo.

1. I need your laptop right now.
2. They called my sister Anna for the role.
3. She betrayed me, not you.

Answers:

1. It is your laptop I need right now.
2. It was my sister Anna who they called for the role.
3. It was her who she betrayed, not you.

SET 3
Cambie estas oraciones normales a ‘si oraciones’ centrándose en un adverbial.

1. They called me a few minutes ago to show up.
2. She ran away with all the money last night.
3. They hid the bag in their apartment.

Answers:

1. It was a few minutes ago when they called me to show up.
2. It was last when she ran away with all the money.
3. It was in their apartment that they hid the bag.

SET 4

Changez ces phrases normales en “phrases fendues WH” en vous concentrant sur l’objet direct.

1. I need your laptop right now.
2. They called my sister Anna for the role.
3. I just had a small apple in the morning.
4. Jonas gave me a diamong watch.

Answers:

1. What I need right now is your laptop.
2. Who they called for the role was my sister Anna.
3. What I had in the morning was a small apple.
4. What Jonas gave me in the morning was a diamong watch.

SET 5

Changez ces phrases normales en “phrases à fente inversée” en vous concentrant sur l’objet direct.

1. I need your laptop right now.
2. They called my sister Anna for the role.
3. I just had a small apple in the morning.
4. Jonas gave me a diamong watch.

Answers:

1. Your laptop is what I need right now.
2. My sister was who they called for the role.
3. A small apple was what I had in the morning.
4. A diamond watch was what Jonas gave me.

SET 6

Changez ces phrases normales en “TOUTES les phrases fendues” en vous concentrant sur l’objet direct.

1. I need your laptop right now.
2. I just had a small apple in the morning.
3. Jonas gave me a diamond watch.

Answers:

1. All I need right now is your laptop.
2. All I had in the morning was a small apple.
3. All Jonas gave me in the morning was a diamond watch.

FAQs

What is a cleft sentence in grammar?

Une phrase fendue est un mécanisme permettant de se concentrer sur un élément spécifique de la phrase. L’élément sur lequel nous nous concentrons dans une structure de clivage est une information nouvelle pour l’auditeur, et nous la construisons souvent pour rendre la phrase plus emphatique. Le type le plus courant de phrase fendue est une phrase IT CLEFT.

Here is the structure: It + to be verb + focus information + relative clause

Examples:

Non-cleft: Your own brother stole your car.
Cleft: It was your own brother who stole your car.

Other cleft sentences

Non-cleft: We wanted your support.
Cleft: All we wanted was your support.

Non-cleft: I want a house to live in.
Cleft: What I want is a house to live in.

What is an example of a cleft sentence?
Non-cleft: The company is looking for some good coders.
Cleft: It is some good coders the company is looking for.

Non-cleft: The company is looking for some good coders.
Cleft: What the company is looking for is some good coders.

Non-cleft: The company is looking for some good coders.
Cleft: All the company is looking for is some good coders.

Qu’est-ce qu’une fissure de syntaxe ?
En linguistique, une fente est une construction dans laquelle l’auteur/locuteur se concentre sur une partie d’une phrase en la divisant en deux parties : l’une qui est déjà connue et l’autre qui est nouvelle (ce sur quoi le locuteur se concentre). la phrase emphatique). ).

Non-cleft: She wants your money.
Cleft: What she wants is your money.

How do you write a cleft sentence?
There are a few ways to write a cleft construction in English. The most common one is an IT CLEFT STRUCTURE:
IT (pseudo subject) + to be form of a verb + X (the focus part) + relative clause. The focus part (X) is usually a noun/noun phrase, but it can be an adverbial either.

Examples:

1. It is you who should be blamed for this loss.
2. It was a beggar who won the lottery.
3. It was after the match that they came to see us.

What are the types of cleft sentences?
Estos son los tipos más comunes de oraciones hendidas en inglés:

1. IT CLEFT sentence
2. WHAT cleft sentence
3. REVERSE cleft sentence
4. ALL cleft sentence

Non-cleft: She wants your money.

1. It is your money that she wants.
2. What she wants is your money.
3. Your money is what she wants.
4. All she wants is your money.