Il regalo perfetto da attivo a passivo

Da voce attiva a voce passiva nel presente perfetto

Questo post ti aiuta a capire come usare la voce passiva present perfect tense e quando usiamo la voce present perfect passiva.

Present perfect tense active passive structure

Active voice	Subject + has/have + past participle (V3) + object
Passive voice	Object + has/have + been + past participle (V3) + (by + subject)

Mira los siguientes ejemplos:

Active: She has cooked the food.
Passive: The food has been cooked by her.

Both the above sentences are in the Present perfect tense and render the same meaning. But they are focusing on different things.

The first sentence, which is in the active voice, focuses on the doer of the action (subject): she. But the second sentence, which is in the passive voice, focuses on the receiver of the action (object): the food.

Al presente si parla di azioni compiute, solo per dare un aggiornamento dell’azione, o per parlare delle nostre esperienze di vita. Nella voce attiva del presente perfetto, parliamo di ciò che qualcuno ha finito. Il focus è sull’autore dell’azione che ha completato un’azione.

Ma nella voce passiva del present perfect, parliamo di ciò che è stato completato o finito; chi l’ha finito non è importante nella voce passiva del present perfect.

Active to passive voice in Present Perfect tense

• Active voice: I have written an amazing song.
• Passive voice: An amazing song has been written (by me).
• Active voice: Jon has helped me a lot.
• Passive voice: I have been helped a lot (by Jon).
• Active voice: Most people have tried alcohol.
• Passive voice: Alcohol has been tried (by most people).
• Active voice: Nobody has done this before.
• Passive voice: This has never been done before (by anyone).
• Active voice: My father has helped a lot of people.
• Passive voice: A lot of people have been helped (by my father).
• Active voice: I have ordered food for everyone in the room.
• Passive voice: Food has been ordered for everyone in the room (by me).
• Active voice: Mangesh has bought a car recently.
• Passive voice: A car has been bought recently (by Mangesh).
• Active voice: They have launched the trailer of the movie.
• Passive voice: The trailer of the movie has been launched (by them).
• Active voice: The government has launched a new job portal.
• Passive voice: A new job portal has been launched (by the government).
• Active voice: They have cleared the interview.
• Passive voice: The interview has been cleared (by them).

Negative sentences

Negative sentence in present perfect tense passive voice

Active voice	Subject + has/have + not + past participle (V3) + object
Passive voice	Object + has/have + not + been + past participle (V3) + (by + subject)

Examples:

• Active voice: I haven’t made that lesson.
• Passive voice: That lesson hasn’t been made by me.
• Active voice: She hasn’t invited me to the party.
• Passive voice: I haven’t been invited to the party by her.
• Active voice: India hasn’t lost the match yet.
• Passive voice: The match hasn’t been lost yet by India.
• Active voice: They haven’t aired the interview yet.
• Passive voice: The interview hasn’t been aired yet by them.
• Active voice: They haven’t finished the song.
• Passive voice: The song hasn’t been finished (by them).
• Active voice: The cops haven’t caught the terrorist yet.
• Passive voice: The terrorist hasn’t been caught yet.

Contractions

Have not = haven’t
Has not = hasn’t

Interrogative sentences

Interrogative sentence in the present perfect tense passive voice

Active voice	Has/have +subject + past participle (V3) + object?
Passive voice	Has/have + object + been + past participle (V3) + (by + subject)?

Examples:

• Voce attiva: L’hai già fatto in strada?
• Voce passiva: È è già stato chiamato?
• Voce attiva: Ti ha Jyoti invitato alla festa?
• Voce passiva: Sei sei stato invitato alla festa da lei?
• Voce attiva: hai hai fatto il piano?
• Voce passiva: Il piano è stato realizzato?
• Voce attiva: Hanno hanno iniziato la partita?
• Voce passiva: è la partita iniziata?

Nota: quando l’autore dell’azione è già compreso o non è importante, non menzionarlo. In alcuni degli esempi precedenti della voce passiva, non abbiamo menzionato l’autore dell’azione (soggetto).

WH question words

Active voice: What have you done recently?
Passive voice: What has been done recently (by you)?

Active voice: How has she done it?
Passive voice: How has it been done (by her)?

Active voice: Where have you done it?
Passive voice: Where has it been done (by you)?

Active voice: Why has he bought this car?
Passive voice: Why has this car been bought (by him)?

Active voice: Whom have you taught?
Passive voice: Who has been taught (by you)?

Set di esercizi!

Cambia le seguenti frasi dalla voce attiva alla voce passiva del presente perfetto:

1. We have adopted the dog.
2. Sam has never liked me.
3. Most people haven’t tasted this.
4. The teacher has started the lecture.
5. Have you seen him on campus?
6. My parents have supported me in whatever I do.
7. Has anyone kissed you yet?
8. Have they prepared the food?
9. Everyone has forgotten you already.
10. Your love has changed me completely.

Answers:

1. The dog has been adopted by us.
2. I have never been liked by Sam.
3. This hasn’t been tasted by most people.
4. The lecture has been by the teacher.
5. Has he been seen on campus (by you)?
6. I have been supported in whatever I do by my parents.
7. Have you been kissed yet (by anyone)?
8. Has the food been prepared (by them)?
9. You have been forgotten by everyone already.
10. I have been changed completely by your love.