Frases divididas em inglês.

Frases divididas em inglês

Esta lição nos ajudará a entender o que é uma frase de fenda em inglês, por que a usamos e como podemos formar uma frase de fenda.

What is a cleft sentence?

Uma frase clivada se concentra em uma parte de uma frase. Acrescenta a parte que já é conhecida ou compreendida a uma parte que o ouvinte não conhece. Uma frase de fenda é uma maneira de adicionar foco no que é mais importante para nós. Aqui, em frases clivadas, uma única ideia é dividida em duas partes onde o foco é colocado em um elemento.

Em uma frase clivada, a informação é dividida em duas partes:

a) aquele que já é conhecido pelos ouvintes e é menos importante para nós
b) e o outro que é desconhecido ou novo para os ouvintes e é o que o falante quer focar

Em uma frase clivada, a informação é formada de forma diferente de sua estrutura original. A parte que está em foco aqui é movida de seu lugar original.

Pode ser qualquer coisa em que o falante se concentre e separe em uma frase dividida. Vamos estudar alguns exemplos.

Monica took 1000 dollars from a beggar last night.

Cleft sentence: It was Monica who took 1000 dollars from a beggar last night. (The focus is on the subject Monica)
Cleft sentence: It was 1000 dollars that Monica took from the beggar last night. (The focus is on the object)
Cleft sentence: It was a beggar whom Monica took 1000 dollars from last night. (The focus is on the object of the preposition)
Cleft sentence: It was last night when Monica took 1000 dollars from a beggar. (The focus is on the time of the action (adverb))

Simple sentence (non-cleft): Rahul stole my car last night.

Agora, se quisermos focar em uma parte da frase, digamos o sujeito (Rahul), teremos que usar uma frase clivada. Podemos escrever a frase acima da seguinte forma:

Cleft sentence: It was Rahul who stole my car last night.

Agora, o foco está em Rahul, a frase original. Este é um exemplo de uma frase clivada. Uma frase clivada geralmente é construída das duas maneiras a seguir:

• It (pseudopronome) + ser forma do verbo + X + oração dependente
• Cláusula dependente começando com palavras WH + forma do verbo + X

Na primeira estrutura, X (o item no qual o falante se concentra) geralmente é um substantivo ou um pronome substantivo. Pode ser uma frase preposicional, adverbial ou adjetiva. Na segunda estrutura, o item que o falante focaliza vem depois de uma forma de ser de um verbo (verbo de ligação).

Examples:

• It was Jon who supported me in my tough times.
• It was your brother Allen who came up with this idea.
• It is Tina whom I am dating.
• What I want from you is your support.
• Who I really want to thank is you.
• What I want for my birthday is a new bike.

Conversation 1:

Muskaan: I think Smriti paid for your college fee. Didn’t he?
Jon (Cleft sentence): No, it is Rahul who paid for my college fee.
Normal sentence: Rahul paid for your college fee.

Understood or common information: Somebody paid your college fee
New or focus information: Rahul did the action

A parte ‘a mensalidade da universidade é paga por alguém’ se refere aqui. O falante usou uma estrutura dividida para focar na parte (pessoa) que o ouvinte não conhece.

Conversation 2:

Mom: I am elated today.
Ashu: Why, mom? What’s going on?
Mom: We are having Chinese food in the evening. It is my favorite.
Ashu: No, mom, It is Italian food that we are having in the evening. Papa confirmed that a few minutes ago.

Aqui, comida chinesa é o objeto do verbo ‘ter’. Ashu, na última linha, usa uma estrutura de fenda para focar o objeto. Se você não quisesse colocar ênfase extra no objeto, a frase seria escrita como: Nós vamos comer comida italiana hoje à noite. Na fenda, ele enfatizou deliberadamente o objeto, que era uma informação nova para o ouvinte (mãe).

Conversation 3:

Alex: Someone saved your sister from falling into a pot.
John: It was my friend Anoop who did that.

O foco está na parte destacada (negrito). O resto é entendido e tirado da declaração anterior.

Conversation 4:

Maxwell: I spoke to your father yesterday.
Smith: It was my uncle (who) you spoke to.

Conversation 5:

Raj: Sneha was waiting for someone at the party.
Danish: It was you who she was waiting for at the party.

Observação: você pode terminar a frase na parte em que está focando, pois o resto já é conhecido.

Ex – It was you.

Types of cleft sentences

Existem dois tipos de frases de fenda comuns em inglês:

1. Usando o pseudo-sujeito ‘IT’
2. Usando as palavras WH
3. Pseudofissura reversa
4. Usando a palavra “TODOS”

Frases divididas com pseudo IT db2424

Usar um pseudopronome ‘it’ é a maneira mais comum de formar uma frase clivada. As frases de fenda TI são geralmente usadas para corrigir informações e focar em informações recém-adicionadas.

Structure:

Normal: Subject + verb phrase + object (X) + other part (optional)
Cleft: It + to be verb + object (X) + adjective clause (that/who/whom + subject + verb phrase)

Examples:

Non-cleft: Jon supported me in my tough times.
Cleft: It was Jon who supported me in my tough times.

Non-cleft: An old farmer from Kerala created a machine that changes trash cans into running shoes.
Cleft: It was an old man from Kerala who created a machine that changes trash cans into running shoes.

Non-cleft: I am looking forward to meeting Conor the most.
Cleft: It is meeting Conor that I am looking forward to the most.

Non-cleft: I couldn’t join you because I was ill.
Cleft: It was because I was ill that I couldn’t join you.

Usar um pseudopronome ‘it’ é a maneira mais comum de formar uma frase clivada. O foco da fenda pode ser o seguinte na estrutura:

• Subject
• Object of a verb
• Object of a preposition
• Adverbial

1. Cleft focusing on the SUBJECT

Situation 1:

I think Smriti paid for your college fee. Didn’t he?
Normal sentence: Rahul paid for your college fee.
Cleft sentence: It is Rahul who paid for my college fee.

Understood or common information: Somebody paid for your college fee
New or focus information: Rahul did the action

A parte ‘a mensalidade da universidade é paga por alguém’ se refere aqui. O falante usou uma estrutura dividida para focar na parte (pessoa) que o ouvinte não conhece.

Situation 2:

Didn’t Simran call your father last night?
Cleft: No, it was Manisha who called my father last night.

Normal sentence: Manisha called my father last night.

Situation 3:

Ashish: iPhone 11 has been awarded as the best smartphone in 2021.
Max: That’s not correct. It is the iPhone 13 that’s been awarded as the best smartphone in 2021. (cleft)

Situation 4:

Charu: IIM Indore produces the best HR managers, according to a report.
Monica: That’s amazing.
Ankit: That’s not necessarily true. It is IIM Ahmedabad that does it. (cleft)

A última frase é uma frase dividida. As informações que são novas e nas quais o Ankit se concentra (X) são destacadas dividindo a frase em duas partes. A cláusula após X (Ankit) refere-se à mesma informação que Charu já forneceu. Então. ‘que faz’ aqui significa ‘que produz os melhores gerentes de recursos humanos’.

2. Cleft focusing on the OBJECT

A parte do foco (X) também pode ser o objeto do verbo. Vejamos alguns exemplos em que frases de fenda são usadas para focar no objeto do verbo.

Situation 1:

Mom: I am elated today.
Ashu: Why, mom? What’s going on?
Mom: We are having Chinese food in the evening. It is my favorite.
Ashu: No, mom, It is Italian food that we are having in the evening. Papa confirmed that a few minutes ago.

Aqui, comida chinesa é o objeto do verbo ‘ter’. Ashu, na última linha, usa uma estrutura de fenda para focar o objeto. Se você não quisesse colocar ênfase extra no objeto, a frase seria escrita como: Nós vamos comer comida italiana hoje à noite. Na fenda, ele enfatizou deliberadamente o objeto, que era uma informação nova para o ouvinte (mãe).

Situation 2:

Aarushi: Who are you dating, Ashish?
Ashish: No one.
Aarushi: Hey, come on. I know you are dating someone. Please tell.
Ashish: It is Megha who I am dating. Please don’t share this with anyone.

Aarushi, aqui, quer focar especificamente no objeto (pessoa) do verbo ‘namorar’. E como quero focar no nome, o recuo foi usado. Observe também que quando o objeto de um verbo é uma pessoa, who/whom/that pode ser usado para se referir a essa pessoa.

It is Megha whom I am dating.
It is Megha who I am dating.
It is Megha that I am dating.

3. Cleft focusing on the OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION

Situation 1:

A: You looked upset at the party. Were you still upset with us?
B: I wasn’t upset with you all. It was my brother Alex whom I was upset with.

Situation 2:

Tom: You think about Mary anymore. She doesn’t deserve it.
Sam: I am not. It’s her sister (whom) I’m thinking about right now. She got wronged in this.

Situation 3:

Laura: Rahul will be performing with my sister Naura at the party. They look great together.
Jon: It is Maria who he will be performing with. He told me this himself.

4. Fenda focando em um ADVERBIAL

Um adverbial pode ser o foco de uma frase clivada. Vejamos alguns exemplos.

Examples:

Non-cleft: He came to see us the day before yesterday.
Cleft: It was the day before yesterday when he came to see us.

Non-cleft: I will call you tomorrow.
Cleft: It is tomorrow when I will call you.

Non-cleft: They are buying a house in London.
Cleft: It is In London that they are buying a house.
or
Cleft: It is London where they are buying a house.

Se o adverbial (tempo) for um sintagma nominal, usamos a conjunção ‘quando’ depois dele. Mas se for uma frase preposicional, use a conjunção ‘que’ depois dela.

NOTE: The verb (to be) of the pseudo subject (IT) needs to be singular even if the focus point (X) is plural.

Examples:

• São meus amigos que me motivam a perseguir meu sonho.
• Foram seus colegas que salvaram você de ser demitido.

frases de fenda WH (pseudo fenda)

São frases divididas que começam com palavras da família WH, geralmente a palavra “WHAT”. Essas frases geralmente respondem a uma pergunta. Observe que essas frases clivadas geralmente começam com a conjunção ‘o que’.

Structure: WH clause (known information) + to be verb + X (focus part)

Examples:

Question: What do you want from me?
Cleft: What I want is your support.
Non-cleft: I want your support.

Non-cleft: We want to get a job right now.
Cleft: What we want right now is to get a job.

Non-cleft: I needed a safe house to stay.
Cleft: What I needed was a safe house to stay.

Non-cleft: I loved the food the most at the party.
Cleft: What I loved the most at the party was the food.

Non-cleft: He wrote his resignation letter and threw it at his employer’s face.
Cleft: What happened was that he wrote his resignation letter and threw it at his employer’s face.

More examples:

• What I want right now is a person who I can trust.
• What she really wants is your money.
• What I am saying is that I can’t work with anymore.
• What I said to him was that you don’t deserve this job.

Other WH cleft sentences

Non-cleft: Sam used to live in a deserted village.
Cleft: Where Sam used to live was a deserted village.

Non-cleft: I reached home at 2 am.
Cleft: When I reached home was 2 am.

Non-cleft: We do this job because we love it.
Cleft: Why we do this job is because we love it.

Non-cleft: We want to hire your brother.
Cleft: Who we want to hire is your brother.

Inverter pseudofrases

Nas sentenças de pseudocrack reverso, o foco é colocado no início, ao contrário das outras sentenças de crack.

Structure: X (focus point) + to be verb + WH clause

Cleft: What I gifted him was a racing car.
Reverse cleft: A racing car is what I gifted him.

Cleft: We need your support.
Reverse cleft: Your support is what we need.

Cleft: What I have been looking for is a tech guy.
Reverse cleft: A tech guy is what I have been looking for.

Cleft: What he is asking for the project is 2 crores.
Reverse cleft: 2 crores is what he is asking for.

Aqui, a oração que vem depois do verbo principal (ser) é uma oração nominal. Funciona como um complemento ao assunto.

Frases divididas usando a palavra TODOS

Aqui, a conjunção o que é substituída por tudo. Uma frase clivada começando com all torna a frase mais enfática.

Examples:

Non-cleft: I just want skilled people to make this a successful product.
Cleft: All I want to make this a successful product is skilled people.

Non-cleft: We just want your support right now.
Cleft: All we want right now is your support.

Non-cleft: We just need love in life.
Cleft: All we need in life is love.

Non-cleft: I am thinking about your family.
Cleft: All I am thinking about is your family.

NOTA: Aqui, a palavra ‘sozinho’ é usada implicitamente em ‘todas as frases clivadas’, e a palavra ‘todos’ pode ser substituída pela frase ‘a única coisa’. Usar esta frase torna a frase mais enfática. aqui estão alguns exemplos:

Examples:

All we were looking for was your performance.
The only thing we were waiting for was your performance.

All they gave me in exchange for the phone was a cheap camera.
The only they gave me in exchange for the phone was a cheap camera.

All I am asking for is your time.
The only thing I am asking is your time.

All I did was give her my laptop, and she started crying.
The only thing I did was give her my laptop, and she started crying.

All I did was look at her, and they threw me out of the class.
The only thing I did was look at her, and they threw me out of the class.

Nesta frase, estamos focando no verbo. A frase significa que eles não fizeram muito. Aqui, a estrutura de fenda é usada para focar no fato de que o verbo não teve muito papel no resultado.

Conjunto de prática!

CONJUNTO 1
Altere essas frases normais para ‘se frases’ concentrando-se no assunto.

• Jon brought that gift for me.
• Your father is leading this case.
• My book is considered one of the best books for learning English.

Answers:

• It was Jon who brought that gift for me.
• It is your father who is leading this case.
• It is my book that is considered one of the best books for learning English.

SET 2
Cambie estas oraciones normales a ‘si oraciones’ enfocándose en el objeto directo.

1. I need your laptop right now.
2. They called my sister Anna for the role.
3. She betrayed me, not you.

Answers:

1. It is your laptop I need right now.
2. It was my sister Anna who they called for the role.
3. It was her who she betrayed, not you.

SET 3
Cambie estas oraciones normales a ‘si oraciones’ centrándose en un adverbial.

1. They called me a few minutes ago to show up.
2. She ran away with all the money last night.
3. They hid the bag in their apartment.

Answers:

1. It was a few minutes ago when they called me to show up.
2. It was last when she ran away with all the money.
3. It was in their apartment that they hid the bag.

SET 4

Mude essas frases normais para “frases de fenda WH” concentrando-se no objeto direto.

1. I need your laptop right now.
2. They called my sister Anna for the role.
3. I just had a small apple in the morning.
4. Jonas gave me a diamong watch.

Answers:

1. What I need right now is your laptop.
2. Who they called for the role was my sister Anna.
3. What I had in the morning was a small apple.
4. What Jonas gave me in the morning was a diamong watch.

SET 5

Mude essas frases normais para ‘frases de fenda reversa’ concentrando-se no objeto direto.

1. I need your laptop right now.
2. They called my sister Anna for the role.
3. I just had a small apple in the morning.
4. Jonas gave me a diamong watch.

Answers:

1. Your laptop is what I need right now.
2. My sister was who they called for the role.
3. A small apple was what I had in the morning.
4. A diamond watch was what Jonas gave me.

SET 6

Mude essas frases normais para ‘TODAS as frases de fenda’ concentrando-se no objeto direto.

1. I need your laptop right now.
2. I just had a small apple in the morning.
3. Jonas gave me a diamond watch.

Answers:

1. All I need right now is your laptop.
2. All I had in the morning was a small apple.
3. All Jonas gave me in the morning was a diamond watch.

FAQs

What is a cleft sentence in grammar?

Uma frase clivada é um mecanismo para se concentrar em um elemento específico da frase. O elemento em que nos concentramos em uma estrutura de clivagem é a informação que é nova para o ouvinte, e muitas vezes a construímos para tornar a frase mais enfática. O tipo mais comum de sentença de fenda é uma sentença de CLEFT.

Here is the structure: It + to be verb + focus information + relative clause

Examples:

Non-cleft: Your own brother stole your car.
Cleft: It was your own brother who stole your car.

Other cleft sentences

Non-cleft: We wanted your support.
Cleft: All we wanted was your support.

Non-cleft: I want a house to live in.
Cleft: What I want is a house to live in.

What is an example of a cleft sentence?
Non-cleft: The company is looking for some good coders.
Cleft: It is some good coders the company is looking for.

Non-cleft: The company is looking for some good coders.
Cleft: What the company is looking for is some good coders.

Non-cleft: The company is looking for some good coders.
Cleft: All the company is looking for is some good coders.

O que é fenda na sintaxe?
Em linguística, uma fenda é uma construção em que o escritor/falante foca em uma parte de uma frase dividindo-a em duas partes: uma já conhecida e outra nova (o que o falante se concentra em fazer). a frase enfática). ).

Non-cleft: She wants your money.
Cleft: What she wants is your money.

How do you write a cleft sentence?
There are a few ways to write a cleft construction in English. The most common one is an IT CLEFT STRUCTURE:
IT (pseudo subject) + to be form of a verb + X (the focus part) + relative clause. The focus part (X) is usually a noun/noun phrase, but it can be an adverbial either.

Examples:

1. It is you who should be blamed for this loss.
2. It was a beggar who won the lottery.
3. It was after the match that they came to see us.

What are the types of cleft sentences?
Estos son los tipos más comunes de oraciones hendidas en inglés:

1. IT CLEFT sentence
2. WHAT cleft sentence
3. REVERSE cleft sentence
4. ALL cleft sentence

Non-cleft: She wants your money.

1. It is your money that she wants.
2. What she wants is your money.
3. Your money is what she wants.
4. All she wants is your money.