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Действительный залог в пассивный залог в Present Perfect
Этот пост поможет вам понять, как использовать пассивный залог настоящего совершенного времени и когда мы используем пассивный залог настоящего совершенного времени.
Present perfect tense active passive structure
| Active voice | Subject + has/have + past participle (V3) + object |
| Passive voice | Object + has/have + been + past participle (V3) + (by + subject) |
Mira los siguientes ejemplos:
Active: She has cooked the food.
Passive: The food has been cooked by her.
Both the above sentences are in the Present perfect tense and render the same meaning. But they are focusing on different things.
The first sentence, which is in the active voice, focuses on the doer of the action (subject): she. But the second sentence, which is in the passive voice, focuses on the receiver of the action (object): the food.
В настоящем совершенном времени мы говорим о завершенных действиях, просто чтобы дать обновленную информацию о действии или рассказать о своем жизненном опыте. В действительном залоге настоящего совершенного мы говорим о том, что кто-то закончил. Фокус находится на авторе действия, который завершил действие.
Но в страдательном залоге настоящего совершенного времени мы говорим о том, что было завершено или закончено; кто закончил это не важно в страдательном залоге настоящего совершенного времени.
Active to passive voice in Present Perfect tense
- Active voice: I have written an amazing song.
- Passive voice: An amazing song has been written (by me).
- Active voice: Jon has helped me a lot.
- Passive voice: I have been helped a lot (by Jon).
- Active voice: Most people have tried alcohol.
- Passive voice: Alcohol has been tried (by most people).
- Active voice: Nobody has done this before.
- Passive voice: This has never been done before (by anyone).
- Active voice: My father has helped a lot of people.
- Passive voice: A lot of people have been helped (by my father).
- Active voice: I have ordered food for everyone in the room.
- Passive voice: Food has been ordered for everyone in the room (by me).
- Active voice: Mangesh has bought a car recently.
- Passive voice: A car has been bought recently (by Mangesh).
- Active voice: They have launched the trailer of the movie.
- Passive voice: The trailer of the movie has been launched (by them).
- Active voice: The government has launched a new job portal.
- Passive voice: A new job portal has been launched (by the government).
- Active voice: They have cleared the interview.
- Passive voice: The interview has been cleared (by them).
Negative sentences
Negative sentence in present perfect tense passive voice
| Active voice | Subject + has/have + not + past participle (V3) + object |
| Passive voice | Object + has/have + not + been + past participle (V3) + (by + subject) |
Examples:
- Active voice: I haven’t made that lesson.
- Passive voice: That lesson hasn’t been made by me.
- Active voice: She hasn’t invited me to the party.
- Passive voice: I haven’t been invited to the party by her.
- Active voice: India hasn’t lost the match yet.
- Passive voice: The match hasn’t been lost yet by India.
- Active voice: They haven’t aired the interview yet.
- Passive voice: The interview hasn’t been aired yet by them.
- Active voice: They haven’t finished the song.
- Passive voice: The song hasn’t been finished (by them).
- Active voice: The cops haven’t caught the terrorist yet.
- Passive voice: The terrorist hasn’t been caught yet.
Contractions
Have not = haven’t
Has not = hasn’t
Interrogative sentences
Interrogative sentence in the present perfect tense passive voice
| Active voice | Has/have +subject + past participle (V3) + object? |
| Passive voice | Has/have + object + been + past participle (V3) + (by + subject)? |
Examples:
Примечание: когда автор действия уже понятен или не важен, не упоминайте его. В некоторых из приведенных выше примеров пассивного залога мы не упомянули исполнителя действия (подлежащего).
WH question words
Active voice: What have you done recently?
Passive voice: What has been done recently (by you)?
Active voice: How has she done it?
Passive voice: How has it been done (by her)?
Active voice: Where have you done it?
Passive voice: Where has it been done (by you)?
Active voice: Why has he bought this car?
Passive voice: Why has this car been bought (by him)?
Active voice: Whom have you taught?
Passive voice: Who has been taught (by you)?
Практика!
Измените в следующих предложениях активный залог на пассивный залог настоящего совершенного времени:
- We have adopted the dog.
- Sam has never liked me.
- Most people haven’t tasted this.
- The teacher has started the lecture.
- Have you seen him on campus?
- My parents have supported me in whatever I do.
- Has anyone kissed you yet?
- Have they prepared the food?
- Everyone has forgotten you already.
- Your love has changed me completely.
Answers:
- The dog has been adopted by us.
- I have never been liked by Sam.
- This hasn’t been tasted by most people.
- The lecture has been by the teacher.
- Has he been seen on campus (by you)?
- I have been supported in whatever I do by my parents.
- Have you been kissed yet (by anyone)?
- Has the food been prepared (by them)?
- You have been forgotten by everyone already.
- I have been changed completely by your love.
